EUROPE

The process of building now called the European Community was by no means a linear process, nor was the overnight, on the contrary, there were many stages, there were advances and setbacks, conflicts, agreements to result eta highly regarded community today. After two world wars was itself the creation of the European Union was the result of many meetings and agreements as well as disagreements. Many had a papal this development as the ECSC, the European Parliament, for as stated J. Richardson, this institution was one that I look more cohesive European countries. But in all this there is no denying the influence of shock to Europe by the two world wars it was in 1948 when he began to see the Union of the countries seeking to achieve the strength and thus lost influence in world conflicts. Ete important facts such process is the establishment of a European common market was made in 1986., after the treaty was signed in 1992 called Maastricht which has been much analysis, but generally creates commitments between countries, both defense, political and economic policy. After 1997 excels in the Amsterdam Treaty which seeks to improve and to establish mechanisms for joining the institutions that would shape the Community. And so gradually gave this integration that many wonder if it really will be permanent or have a proximate end because there's no denying that its members still are some frictions and misunderstandings.
Many predict, however, that such integration will not last long some even say this occurs most of all because Europe is a continent in decline that is seen also in countries like Germany is more a desire to integrate with the Midwest that the same European countries. As you can see a great migration of Turkish to Germany.

QUESTION

Determinism is not only in Germany that in all European countries and this has caused the loss of traditional values certain countries, there is not much belief in their institutions but especially Europe losing importance in the world. Call for a return to ethics in the struggle for a continent where entrepreneurs fighting for a job well done under ethical guidelines. This determinism has also led to increased Muslim immigration, which in turn has led many analysts to think that very soon the European continent to be Muslim.

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NORTH AMERICA

Is this the third largest continent in area, after Asia and Africa, EEUU is the most developed country in the continent, with an economy focused on industrial production. This is a 5% of the world’s population but they consuming 30% of the world’s resources and creating 35% of the world waste. American people constantly shop. In there spend 3 to 4 times as many hours shopping as their counterparts in Europe do. Each of them in the EEUU marks 4.5 of garbage a day. This nation was transformed from a primitive agriculture economy to the foremost industrial power in the world. They have a new style life, the life of consumption. The people have fascination for technology and new gadgets. The cars there are important, people needs transportation. Is a nation with culture of fast food. Their culture have influence in others country. Is a society very important and progressive.

LIST AND EXPLAIN 3 STRATEGIES USE BY hp IN ORDEN TO DEVELOP AN SUSTAIN A STRONG ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE?

Fostering the development of the company's global technical community · Leading the company's strategy and corporate development efforts, HP also offers managed services where they provide complete support solutions for other companies and organizations. · Performing worldwide corporate marketing activities. In Hp the essence of the idea, radical at the time, was that employees' brainpower was the company's most important resource. In HP they work together to create a culture of inclusion built on trust, respect and dignity for all. They strive for excellence in all they do; each person's contribution is critical to their success. They lead in the marketplace by developing and delivering useful and innovative products, services and solutions. HP has come to be recognized worldwide for its excellence in personnel practices, business management, product quality and service. Its innovative employment and management techniques known as the "HP Way" are widely emulated in the business world today. HP also ranks among the world's most generous corporate philanthropists, reflecting the founders' enduring commitment to good corporate citizenship.

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Forster, Nick. 2002. “Managing excellence through corporate culture: the HP way” The Management Case Study Journal 2(1): 13-25

AUSTRALIA

In Australia there is multiculturalism, has a corporate culture with a strong European influence, people are important in companies. The negotiation style is very direct communication is very utilitarian, and there is opportunity for discussion. You are not subject to hard work or the difficulties of course on this continent there are many myths as to consider that they are all about wild food are not true. At present there is a tendency to respect for cultural diversity.

When removed from their families, the children were prepared for “a better life”, how is that true or false when considering different perspectives?

Based on the film “Rabbit Proof Fence” (2002) the children didn’t like to be alone without their families however if there are poor because is not the same conditions, roles, culture, everyone is treated in a different way and not like home, no preferences, etc. That’s why they made the decision to come back to home regardless of the conditions and the problems that they found in the way back to home.

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MIDDLE EAST

Islamism or Islam is chronologically the third of the great monotheistic religions, after the Hebrew and Christian, and the second in number of faithful. It is based on the oneness of God and in compliance with various obligations that are acquired as dogmas.
Muhammad says that Allah represents the same God that Jews and Christians, and that is nothing more than a prophet, like Noah, Abraham, Isaiah, John the Baptist or Jesus himself, carrying the message of the Supreme Being, but with the difference being the seal of the Messengers of God, the ultimate and definitive. Jews and Christians, men of the same faith as his, have corrupted the original purity of their beliefs and practice evil. For this reason, Allah entrusted him, only the task of guiding the entire straight path.

The most important point or dogma of the teaching of Muhammad refers to the oneness of God. No religion influences both the political and economic such as Islam. Religion came with Muhammad and gradually has spread worldwide and is based on an attachment to the laws of the Koran that was supposedly given to Mohammed by God's direct.
There family is very important and includes in it both as uncles cousins, is based on values, and children are viewed as elements that should be employed by adults.
The position of women in Islam is very low, they have to be subject to the will of men, they walk with their faces covered and only recently allowed to study in universities. Of course this has been relaxed in some countries.

As businesses can be very ethical but may be lying in the presentation of their reality. There business given much importance to the contracts that may be sales, manufacturing trade. But overall everything has to be consistent with the mandates of Allah. There the consumer has the right to protect their personal data and know thoroughly what they buy.
The main problem there is a tendency to be with prejudice to all that has to do with Islam.

QUESTIONS

Explain what Islamic banking is and its background?

Islamic banking is a viable system, particularly in the last decade. Is based in Shania’s issues that helped hampered development of Islamic finance over the last five decades.

What are the key principles of Islamic banking?

Islamic banking has the same purpose as conventional banking except that it operates in accordance with the rules of Shariás and Islamic rules on transactions. The basic principle of Islamic banking is the sharing of profit and loss and the prohibition of usury.

Islamic laws forbid institutions from charging interest on loans. How do they make profits when lending Money?

Sharia prohibits the payment or acceptance of interest fees for the lending and accepting of money respectively, as well as investing in businesses that provide goods or services considered contrary to its principles.

Explain the concept of ethical investments under Islamic Law. Who is to determine whether an activity is allowed or not?

The law in Shariás is who determine allowed activities; there is truthfulness, sincerity, honesty.

How does Islamic banking influence the economy in the Middle East?

The economics and politics are based on Islamic laws, so both are attached to religion and everything is based on religious power. Everything is based on the Koran, and so any business or contract law should be taken of Islam because in these countries the right is closely linked to religious laws.

Based o research an knowledge about his topic what is the future of Islamic Banking in terms of global expansion ad growth?

Is a promising future and this bank will have great influence in the Western world due to the expansion of the Muslim world.

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AFRICA

Diamond industry create opportunities for illicit trade, including trade in conflict diamonds, Conflict diamonds are primarily associated with four countries: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Angola, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the production or trade of diamonds have played a role in fueling domestic conflict, That’s why South Africa started The Kimberley Process that is and agreement to make sure that the diamonds mining doesn’t come from the conflict that is call free diamonds.
There is a bank in Africa for the miners, the Provider to mine workers with Access to finance. This is an experience born in 2001 and has come to control mining on the continent. His whole function is based on the strategy of Ubuntu where culture has an important role. More specific areas of development are the growth, security, fairness, and above all a great social responsibility. Ethics is much sought as a single dishonest act has a major negative impact on everything that has to do with the company, there is also sought for environmental responsibility being given a safety work. For all that this system has become recognized throughout the world and is a very important business system where communication and information are essential. You have there a large organizational environment where everyone has clear goals and objectify and where learning is essential to keep up to date with new technologies.
Ubuntu search ethics, if one person is dishonest, it is a negative impact in the company. There is an Equity Plan for developed people with potential. It seeks to develop all kinds of competencies on workers, seeking not only their development but to the whole society or environment. Wanted for the same thing has a lot of communication which must always keep accurate and timely information. The business and its management are therefore very good elements related to communication, motivation of employees who understand that the progress of the company necessarily has to do with his progress.

All this has led to the growing investment and mining activity comes to us as a generator of bloodshed as usual. Because maining activities in Africa particulary as the diamond mining concerns has been full of conflict and problems. So Ubuntu seeks to break that trend by taking into account that people are the most important part of any company. All this has led to a culture change in the way of doing business.

QUESTION

What is Ubuntu? How was it applied to support the merging process of the two companies?
Unbutu is a process and philosophy that would drive the chance management process and the achievement of the invertors in People standard at African Bank Miners credit. Ubuntu is aligned with the IIP standard sought to achieve, is premised on the philosophy that one finds one’s own humanity Helping others to find theirs.
This process is allocated in areas like the organization, evaluation and development, creating a working environment that is beneficial to the company and the employee.

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SOUTH ASIA

India is an important player in the global outsourcing industry, is this process where companies contract out the provisions of services. In India there are high quality services. This service is calling CAMS ,its born in 1988 as a software developer, today is a modern technology with excellent service in the more important cities in India. CAMS recognized that technology and delivery service were the two most critical factors. CAMS have paternalistic attitudes that are something with individual values.

CAMS have this characteristics:

· Equality and diversity.
· Non discrimination.
· Clear Job.
· Interviews.
· Briefings and presentations.
· Compensation.
· Induction to new employees.
· Clear goals are necessary.

This paternalistic attitude of CAMS is something that every individual values, because employees at CAMS connect shared laughter aided by humor an appreciation to irony.
These are very important for a country as India. The motor of development of India there are the diversity, there produced a different management styles. In India there are monotheist, polytheist, monist and atheist. The more import book of hinuism is Vedas. They have very important conceps:

· Maya is a visible world.
· Karma goodness and badness earned.
· Karma law under a specific birth situation.
· In India is very important the middle clase, it imposing the economy. In India there are castes but the government intervention is a positive discrimination.
· In India there is an expansion of economy thanks to the industries and courses of Employed.
· India is technological development.

We must take into account that in India social and political conflicts persist and there are many religious tensions that can trigger a wave of violence. All this slows to foreign investors. But politicians especially those from the Congress Party are clear that they must ensure smooth things both internally and externally with Pakistan.
For all that has started a movement to end the problems and achieve a significant upturn in India, and have sought or eliminate problems such as poverty, high labor costs with reference to China and an exaggerated tariff regulation. But it is difficult to eliminate the fiscal deficit, but solutions are being sought as India wants to achieve good economic growth but mostly integrated into the global economy, but as we have seen, there remain many obstacles to the achievement of these expectations.

QUESTION

WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE THE REASONS BEHIND THE FAST GROWTH OUTSOURCING INDUSTRY IN INDIA?

For many centuries India has excelled in his trade, and also for having been a colony of Great Britain for a long time, which strongly impacted on their culture and development. One feature of India is its diversity which has generated
a great struggle between castes, religions; they have produced not a few assassinations of leaders and riots in different regions. And recently the government of India has achieved a number of reforms, however, in some places still do not exist, especially as far as economy is concerned, however, can not fail to see that India has grown steadily since the late 90s. It was established from 2000 a five year plan that help her improve her education, was an effort to industrialize the country, which also resulted in improving the quality of education needed more skilled labor. It is also worth noting the great technological advances occurring in this country where there are new companies are providers of information services, has also been given an internalization of services, drawing on knowledge of the English-speaking workers. All this has led India in a growing current account.

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CHINA

CHINA AND GUANXI
Undoubtedly Guanxi has been a vital factor in the existence of Chinese business and has been very helpful in the process of internationalization of Chinese enterprises. The Gauxi is only establish relations based on interests involve in particular the generally the same as looking for a mutually beneficial, But however it should not be considered the only factor in the surge of China globally. Also in all this has been very important internal social mechanism of this Asian country. But allocation of Guanxi is very important considering that this is given taking into account two perspectives: relationships horizontally and vertically. Guanxi is to do that has contributed greatly to china’s economy to be applied in the manufacturing sector.
The horizontal elements of this process have been applied in production, as market and product distribution. Also see that Chinese businesses have the ability to specialize in niche markets or industries, producing products having to do with it.
One element to consider is that consumers are very important and Guanxi give discount available to them; they send gifts and of course also maintain full contact with them. So we can ay that Guanxi is a specific form of more effective business relations taking into account that international competition is increasingly intense and therefore better strategies are needed to propose objectives.
So not only China but many Asian countries consider Guanxi as an excellent tool to expand their markets. In general it appears that in China and other countries interpersonal relationships are necessary in business as these have provided some contacts. But do not believe it is a basic tool can be used but also can use other strategies to achieve better business results. But in the world of the internationalization of business on Guanxi leaves have a vital importance for anyone wishing to do business with China. As a conclusion: we must not think of Guanxi as a unique tool for doing business with China and yet we must accept that A stable, long term Guanxi is a relationship that generates long-term mutual benefits, But remembering that this is based on continuous social interaction and mutual help.


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EXPATRIATE ASSIGNMENTS AND OVERSEAS EXPERIENCES

Expatriates are individuals who are assigned a different place for a short period of time and then are brought back to the origin country.

This can give because it requires a certain location a person who knowledge of strategies and processes of the company, which can take place abroad in an appropriate way and that in turn transferred their knowledge to others. But in this case the companies can make mistakes like not having a good plan, does not have a good selection criteria for candidates, not taking into account cultural differences, but in addition there are these problems:

• The time period is very short.
• Some early return.
• Sometimes can not find a job waiting.
• Not succession plans.
• Return expectations are not met.

All see that in this there is much discrimination against females.
All this takes in without a whole process can be successful provided you choose the right staff, to allow more aware about what is going to do and give general knowledge of the culture where it goes. You must also have adequate preparation in the language, business practices, legal knowledge is also the expatriate experts consider that there is good preparation, financial reward, and to take into account the situation of his family. According to the country to which they are assigned may have problems that need to be made fully aware of the region to go to dons are not many difficulties.


RECOMENDATION

One reason why the expatriation failure is not known because the culture of the countries you are going to go, so it is essential that the person be trained in language, cultural aspects, so where they do business, as build relationships. Is necessary to choose the right person to be: responsible, able to learn, tolerance for cultural differences, with ability to adjust to different situations and can manage in any environment. It should also offer good rewards or incentives and ensure that the return is counted with a fixed job which motivated him to perform well in their work out to the country.
Because of that it requires more preparation because without that little can achieve and fulfill the objectives of this process because it must be a person capable of learning and change.


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East Asia

IN THE CASE OF KOREAN AND JAPANESE MANGEMENT STYLES, DO YOU TIHINK THEY TENDE TO CONVERGE OR DIVERGE?

The styles of doing business in Japan and Korea may have similar styles in some respects but differ in others because in both countries have different cultural aspects that necessarily have to influence business.

For example in the way of doing business in Japan are these features:

• Relationships are an important factor in relation to competitiveness in Japan.
  

• Workers involved in business while maintaining levels of command that are essential in Japan.

• Japanese firms take into account consumers but also to competition.
  

• There must be a connection between product design and production.

• Corporate values seem to guide a Japanese firm’s organization.

For its part the way you do business in Korea shows like Japanese who attaches great importance to relations, but in Korea there is certain authoritanianism to do business and is especially necessary to take into account that many businesses are familiar. But business generally used similar words. In general not much different but you can not say that they are not very convergent in their styles.

In this process there are three important factors: different cultures, levels of development and internationalization different and used different ways of doing business with dissimilar strategies and goals.

Synthesis.

When Japan and Korea two Asian countries the way you do business may have similar elements, but despite being on the same continent between these countries there are culture differences and a different degree of development which influences the style of doing business in the strategies, importance is given to the environment, relationships and as given in each of them, human resources, and of course handling the relationship with the client.

But while there are differences you can see that in general there looks very similar elements between these two ways of doing business and is further that with respect to management of the workers there were differences between the two countries, this important element as it affects with the human resources that each manages. In Korea is not given much importance to workers in the business as if it gets in Japan. Also there is different level of development between the two nations, as Japan developed more rapidly than Korea.

But while there are differences you can see that in general there look very similar elements between these two ways of doing business and in addition is that Japan is also more inclined to analyze the environment, besides giving differences in the degree of analysis of same. The more Koreans now consider a highly developed technology and is in addition to Korean companies seeking more internationalization.

All this clearly shows that cultural differences may affect the way we do business and may generally convergences and differences when comparing the two countries and their development in the business world.

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